Addresses specific issues and design solutions related to photovoltaicgrid based ev battery charging infrastructures and onboard battery management systems. Special issue power electronics, control and energy. The paper presents a new control strategy and design for auxiliary energy source aes used in battery hybrid electric vehicle bhev based on the acceleration power. A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for. Plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs differ from hybrid vehicles hevs with their ability to use offboard electricity generation to recharge their energy storage. Index termsenergy management, hybrid electric vehicle hev, linear timevarying model predictive control ltvmpc, mpc, nonlinear mpc, powersplit hev. All electric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles are charged by plugging the vehicle in photo by dennis schroeder, nrel 35158 electric drive vehicles at a glance hevs are powered by a traditional gasoline or diesel ice and by one or more electric motors that use energy stored in. This paper focuses on the fuel cell hybrid electric. Integrated optimization of battery sizing, charging, and power management in plugin hybrid electric vehicles xiaosong hu, scott j.
Plug in hybrid electric vehicles phevs use batteries to power an electric motor and use another fuel, such as gasoline or diesel, to power an internal combustion engine or other propulsion source. Optimal sizing and energy management of hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles huilong yu, francesco castellidezza and federico cheli abstracthybrid energy storage system hess with the combination of lithiumion batteries and supercapacitors has been recognized as a quite appeal solution to face against the. Hybrid and plugin electric vehicles all electric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles are charged by plugging the vehicle into an electric power source. In addition to possessing chargesustaining hev operation capability, phevs use the stored electrical energy during a chargedepleting operating period to displace a. Power management strategy of hybrid electric vehicles based. Karlsson, route optimized energy management of hybrid electric vehicles, accepted for publication in ieee transactions on intelligent transportation systems, 2014. His research interests include energy management of electric and hybrid vehicles, powertrain modelling and simulation, vehicle dynamics and modelling of battery aging. Hybrid electric vehicles provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plug in hybrid electric, and offroad hybrid vehicular systems. The fuel economy of a hybrid electric vehicle hev is improved, by taking the energy relevant system states into account in the energy management system. Intelligent energy management in hybrid electric vehicles. Energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles. Optimization on energy management strategy with vibration.
Vehicles hevs contain two or more power converters instead of one. The powersplit phev operates in various discrete operating modes. Hybrid and plugin electric vehicles us department of energy. The office of electricity delivery and energy reliability supported researchers at the pacific northwest national laboratory to develop this study that found offpeak electricity production and transmission capacity could.
The problem of designing a realtime implementable strategy to solve the energy management problem in hybrid electric vehicles and achieve a closetooptimal solution has been the subject of. Using electricity from the grid to run the vehicle some or all of the time reduces operating costs and fuel use, relative to conventional vehicles. R o c k y m o u n t a i n e i ns t i u electric vehicles as distributed energy resources 2 authors garrett fitzgerald, chris nelder, and james newcomb authors listed alphabetically. Energy management in hybrid electric vehicles abstract. Energy management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle based on deep reinforcement learning article pdf available in applied sciences 82. In this paper, a comparative study of the most commonly used energy management techniques in fuelcell vehicle applications in a proposed hybrid fourwheeldrive electric vehicle, these schemes include the following. Hybrid electric vehicles provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plugin hybrid electric, and offroad hybrid vehicular systems. Energy management strategy based on the driving cycle model. To attain it, dynamic programming is firstly applied to solve and quantify influences of different driving conditions and driving distances. Energy management strategies for electric and plugin hybrid. The high power density feature of ucs can improve the performance of batteryuc hybrid energy storage systems hesss. Pdf energy management for hybrid electric vehicles considering. Optimized thermal and energy management for hybrid. Hybrid electric vehicles hevs are one of the most viable technologies to achieve the goals of energy saving and environmental protection before a breakthrough in battery technology and fuel cell technology.
Autoadaptive filteringbased energy management strategy. The hev electric motor is typically powered by a battery pack through power electronics. They receive electricity by plugging into the grid and store it in batteries. This chapter responds to this challenge by investigating the interactions among three important control tasks, i. Hevs are one of the most viable technologies to achieve energy savings and environmental protection goals. Hybrid electric vehicles hevs are considered a promising technology today to address growing air pollution and energy deprivation. Some types of phevs are also called extendedrange electric vehicles erevs. The aim of developing an energy management technique is to utilize the sources according to the requirement of the vehicle with help of controller.
The energy management strategy ems for a plugin hybrid electric vehicle phev is proposed based on the driving cycle model and dynamic programming dp algorithm. The state of charge soc profile can be obtained by the dp algorithm for the whole driving cycle. For a lightduty or medium or heavyduty hev equipped with a conventional gasoline or diesel engine to be a dualfueled vehicle, and thus an afv, the engine must also be capable of operating on liquid or gaseous alternative fuel, whether in flex fuel or bifuel mode. Previous emses based on the optimal control theory minimize the fuel consumption, but. These energy management strategies consist of both control strategies as well as battery discharge strategies.
Energy management strategies in hybrid electric vehicles hevs the hybrid electric vehicle achieves fuel and lower emissions than conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, they have very less and fewer emissions than conventional ice. Pdf to minimize fuel consumption and improve battery longevity, an energy management strategy considering the battery state of function sof is. Plugin hybrid electric vehicles department of energy. The aim of this paper is to document 15 years of hybrid electric vehicle energy management research at the ohio state university center for automotive research osucar. Ev batteries contain the energy equivalent to a small explosive. This chapter discusses several practical and advanced energy management strategies of an hev. Integrated thermal and energy management of plugin hybrid. Holistic energy management of plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs in a smartgrid environment is an enormous control challenge. Pdf energy management system in hev using pi controller. The cost of the energy consumed, as well as the quantity of air pollutants released, can be reduced by optimizing 1 the ratings of the battery and. Introduction to hybrid electric vehicle systems sae training. Hence, there is a great need for long endurance and reliable energy storage systems. Plugin electric vehicles pevs and plugin hybrid electric vehicles pehvs are currently evolving and are expected to dominate the future vehicle market.
Energy management of hybrid electric vehicles sciencedirect. Hevs are one of the most viable technologies to achieve energy. Pdf hybrid electric and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. Hybrid electric and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. At this speed the electric motor reaches its torque limit, and the engine is turned on. Evs also known as plugin electric vehicles derive all or part of their power from electricity supplied by the electric grid.
Pdf energy management and control of plugin hybrid. Optimal sizing and energy management of hybrid energy storage. Introduction hybrid electric vehicles hevs provide improved fuel economy due to extra degrees of freedom provided by battery energy storage and one or more electric machines. Total thermal management of battery electric vehicles bevs sourav chowdhury, lindsey leitzel, mark zima, and mark santacesaria mahle behr troy inc. Yokoi y, ichikawa s, doki s, okuma s, naitou t, et al. Moura, nikolce murgovski, bo egardt, dongpu cao abstractthis brief presents an integrated optimization framework for battery sizing, charging, and onroad power management in plugin hybrid electric vehicles. Optimal energy management of hybrid electric vehicles. In the research field of energy system for electric vehicles ev, we focus on the application of supercapacitorsc, aslo called ultracapacitoruc, which energy management strategy with optimized power interface for the battery supercapacitor hybrid system of electric vehicles ieee conference publication. The office of electricity delivery and energy reliability supported researchers at the pacific northwest national laboratory to develop this study that found offpeak electricity production and transmission capacity could fuel 84.
This pow ersplit phev system consisting of discrete operational modes and continuous dynamics. Pdf energy management of hybrid electric vehicle using. Kouzani, powercyclelibrarybased control strategy for plugin hybrid electric vehicles, presented at the ieee vehicle power and propulsion conference lille, france, 2010. Egardt, cubic spline approximations of the dynamic programming costtogo in hev. Intelligent energy management in hybrid electric vehicles 163 3. Integrated optimization of battery sizing, charging, and. Energy management controller for fuel cell hybrid electric. Sy 26 oct 2015 least costly energy management for series hybrid electric vehicles simone formentin. A gasoline electric hybrid car or hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle which relies not only on batteries but also on an internal combustion engine which drives a generator to provide the electricity and may also drive a wheel. Oct 16, 2019 after combining vibration and energy optimization, the total driving control management system is amended. Energy management strategy with optimized power interface. Pdf this chapter presented a description of intelligent energy management systems for hybrid electric vehicles. A hybrid electric vehicle is propelled with stored energy from a battery or flywheel, plus energy produced by burning fuel in an engine. Pdf a comparative analysis of energy management strategies.
The main issue of hevs is how to develop an energy management strategy to achieve significantly better fuel efficiency. Along with the common goal of reducing fuel consumption for vehicles, the hybrid electric vehicle stands out as a mean for more fuel e. An energy management strategy ems considering both optimality and realtime performance has become a challenge for the development of hybrid electric vehicles hevs in recent years. In this research, the equivalent consumption minimization. As far as this aspect concerns, an applicationoriented overview of a mle based control is presented and is demonstrated the suitability for the control of hevs. An energy management strategy ems is important for hybrid electric vehicles hevs since it plays a decisive role on the. The energy management strategy in a hybrid electric vehicle hev plays a very important role in the improvement of fuel economy and the reduction of emissions. The experience of the authors in the area modeling and control of hybrid electric vehicles is demonstrated by a rich body of literature delivered. Optimal energy management of hybrid electric vehicles including battery aging lorenzo serrao, simona onori, antonio sciarretta, yann guezennec, giorgio rizzoni abstract the paper presents a methodology to account for battery aging in the energy management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle. Developing equivalent consumption minimization strategy. Overview of electric vehicle concept and power management strategies. Hybrid electric vehicle the terminology hybrid vehicle is generally applied to vehicles that use an internal combustion engine, ice, associated to equipment to generate electric energy on board. Overvoltage or undervoltage conditions can lead to thermal runaways that might cause a battery failure. Energy hybridization of power sources is a common approach to ensure sustainable energy.
One way to overcome this is by establishing a hybrid energy storage system consists of battery and ultracapacitor together with the energy management strategy in order to optimize the energy consumption, improve vehicle performance, and prolong the battery lifetime. The comparison on advantages and disadvantages of vehicle technology is highlighted. The hybridization of fuel cells fc and battery in electric vehicles necessitates designing an energy management system ems for optimal energy use of the two power sources. A new study released on plug in hybrid electric vehicles phevs found there is enough electric capacity to power plug in vehicles across much of the nation. Multilevel energy management for hybrid electric vehicles.
Ieee transactions on control systems technology 1 mpcbased. Comparative study of energy management strategies for. The paper presents a methodology to account for battery aging in the energy management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle. In hybrid electric vehicle the engine is the final source of the energy used to power the car. Pdf fuzzy logic energy management strategy for plugin. Driving pattern prediction for an energy management system of hybrid electric vehicles in a specific driving course. Savaresi dipartimento di elettronica, informazione e bioingegneria, politecnico di.
A realtime blended energy management strategy of plugin. Control of hybrid electric vehicles antonio sciarretta and lino guzzella optimal energy management. Electricity means that a battery sometimes assisted by ultracaps is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor from now on called motor will be used as traction motor. A new study released on plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs found there is enough electric capacity to power plugin vehicles across much of the nation. The book provides thorough coverage of energy systems for. In this study, a blended energy management strategy considering influences of driving conditions is proposed to improve the fuel economy of plugin hybrid electric vehicles. Least costly energy management for series hybrid electric vehicles as it can be easily understood, such an approach can lead to excessive depleting of the battery charge, if the trip is su. Pdf overview of electric vehicle concept and power. Plugin hybrid electric vehicles us department of energy. Route optimized energy management of plugin hybrid electric. Energy management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle. Book energy systems for electric and hybrid vehicles.
Pdf intelligent energy management in hybrid electric. Similar control rules have been derived using heuristic approaches, with the resulting strategies formalized as boolean or fuzzy rules 2. A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies. Aevs allelectric vehicles are powered by one or more electric motors. Pdf energy management control of plugin hybrid electric. Hybrid electrical vehicles introduction a hybrid electric vehicle hev has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel. Energy management strategies for plugin hybrid electric.
Power management in electric vehicle has been revolutionized since the old power structure introduced with first evs. Gene titov, jason lustbader, john rugh, and jon winkler national renewable energy laboratory aamir khawaja and murali govindarajalu fca. Instead, the battery is charged through regenerative braking and by the internal combustion engine. Compared with conventional vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles hevs have the advantage of high energy conversion efficiency, which can have better fuel economy and lower emissions. It focuses on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Energy management of hybrid electric vehicles request pdf. Recent progress and a connected vehicles perspective abstract. Reinforcement learningenabled intelligent energy management. The proposed system can not only integrate predictive road information but also achieve online learning and updating.
This increases the efficiency of hybrid electric vehicle to reduce the fuel consumption and unwanted emission. Energy management and control of plugin hybrid electric vehicle charging stations in a gridconnected hybrid power system article pdf available in energies 1012. The studies for hybrid electrical vehicle hev have attracted considerable attention because of the necessity of developing alternative methods to generate energy for vehicles due to limited fuel based energy, global warming and exhaust emission limits in the last century. To realize these gains and still maintain good performance, it is critical for hevs to have sophisticated energy management systems. This paper presents a supervisory energy management control system design of powersplit plugin hybri d electric vehicles phev. Today, it can be powered either by a single or a combination of multiple sources and driven by a single or a combination of multiple algorithms. To solve the low power density issue of hybrid electric vehicular batteries, a combination of batteries and ultracapacitors ucs could be a solution. The dynamics of the syste m are continuous within each of these discrete modes. The fuel cell is capable of directly producing electric energy from fuels like. The control strategy takes actual speed and acceleration of the vehicle and system losses into account for regulating the energy and power supply to the propulsion load. This paper presents a parallel hybrid electric vehicle hev equipped with an internal combustion engine and an hess.
Hybrid electric vehicle hev technology encompasses many diverse aspects. The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate two di. Energy management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric. The hev battery is recharged either by the engine or from regenerative braking. Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which uses energy stored in batteries. Energy management of hybrid electric vehicles research collection. The global need to solve pollution problems has conducted automotive engineers to promote the development and the use of electric vehicle technologies. Energy management strategies for plugin hybrid electric vehicles. Plugin hybrid electric vehicles phevs offer an immediate solution for emissions reduction and fuel displacement within the current infrastructure. Pdf intelligent energy management in hybrid electric vehicles. A driving cycle model is constructed by collecting and processing the driving data of a certain school bus. Thorough stateoftheart analysis of electric and hybrid vehicle.
An optimal control problem is formulated to minimize fuel consumption as well as battery aging, using recently developed methods for battery lifetime modeling. In this book, a series hybrid electric vehicle was considered as the powertrain model, to describe and analyze a reinforcement learning rlenabled intelligent energy management system. This paper presents a formalization of the energy management problem in hybrid electric vehicles and a comparison of three known methods for solving the resulting optimization problem. Research on energy management of hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles to improve energy saving and emission reduction performance. Photo by andrew hudgins, nrelpix 17634 electric drive vehicles at a glance hevs. Covers power electronics and motor drives for energy management of electric and plugin. Uyswrqpgvx energy systems for electric and hybrid vehicles hardback pdf energy systems for electric and hybrid vehicles hardback by institution of engineering and technology, united kingdom, 2016. Integrated powertrain simulation for energy management of. Hybrid electric vehicle the terminology hybrid vehicle is generally applied to vehicles that use an internal combustion engine, ice. Energy management strategies for electric and plugin hybrid electric vehicles. The electric energy is then used to feed a traction electric motor, usually an induction motor, im, associated to. Impact of engine dynamics on optimal energy management. Intelligent battery management and charging for electric vehicles 3 of the battery and vehicle or threaten the safety of the vehicle s occupants. A hybrid electric vehicle cannot be plugged in to charge the battery.
Dynamic programming dp, pontryagins minimum principle pmp, and equivalent consumption minimization strategy ecms are described and analyzed, showing formally their substantial equivalence. Mark quarto is currently the chief technology officer cto for quarto technical services where he is responsible for the designdevelopment of diagnostic test equipment and software, technical education and training programs, and technology innovations focused on hybrid and electric vehicle propulsion and energy management systems. Pdf energy management strategies in hybrid electric. Phevs plug in hybrid electric vehicles use batteries to power an electric motor, plug into the electric grid to charge, and use a petroleumbased or alternative fuel to power the internal combustion engine. To this end, a new method is introduced to predict vehicle speed and to perform energy management for hybrid vehicles in situations where lateral dynamics plays a significant role. Energy management in plugin hybrid electric vehicles. Covers power electronics and motor drives for energy management of electric and plug in hybrid electric vehicles. Least costly energy management for series hybrid electric. Battery requirements for plugin hybrid electric vehicles. This springerbrief deals with the control and optimization problem in hybrid electric vehicles. Total thermal management of battery electric vehicles bevs. Plug in hybrid electric vehicles phevs differ from hybrid vehicles hevs with their ability to use offboard electricity generation to recharge their energy storage systems. Research on energy management of hybrid unmanned aerial. Pdf accelerationbased control strategy and design for.
Hevs are powered by conventional or alternative fuels as well as electrical energy stored in a battery. Credit allocations for acquiring alternative fuel vehicles. An efficiencybased energy management strategy for series. The vibration level is greatly improved at the cost of limited extra energy consumption. Hybrid electric vehicles energy management strategies. Online energy management for hybrid electric vehicles.
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